IB+Product+development

=Topic 5. Core. Product development .=


 * [[image:Weaving.jpg width="218" height="167"]] || [[image:Abrading.jpg width="196" height="170"]] || [[image:Cutting.jpg width="222" height="169"]] || [[image:Machining.jpg width="225" height="179"]] ||
 * [[image:Fusion.jpg width="217" height="168"]] || [[image:Stitching.jpg width="208" height="171"]] || [[image:Gluing.jpg width="226" height="171"]] || [[image:fasteners.jpg width="232" height="172"]] ||

5.6. Clean manufacturing.
Key words and terms linked to this topic. || || The costs that must be paid out before production starts (e.g: Machinery: These costs do not change with the level of production). ||
 * Key words or terms. || Meaning. ||
 * Manufacturing techniques. ||  A specific manufacturing term, sometimes relating to one material group only. ||
 * Craft production. ||  A small-scale production process centred on manual skills. ||
 * One off production. ||  An individual (often craft-produced) article or a prototype for larger-scale production. ||
 * Mechanization. || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">A volume production process involving machines controlled by humans.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Assembly line production. || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The mass production of a product via a flow line based on the interchangeability of parts, pre-processing of materials, standardization and work division. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Batch production. || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Limited volume production (a set number of items to be produced).
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Mass production. || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The production of large amounts of standardized products on production lines, permitting very high rates of production per worker. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Automation. || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">A volume production process involving machines controlled by computers. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Computer Aided Manufacture. || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The use of computers to aid manufacturing. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Computer Numerical Control. || <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Refers specifically to the computer control of machines for the purpose of manufacturing complex parts in metals and other materials. Machines are controlled by a program commonly called a “G code”. Each code is assigned to a particular operation or process. The codes control X, Y, Z movements and feed speeds. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Just in time. || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">A situation where a firm does not allocate space to the storage of components or completed items, but instead orders them (or manufactures them) when required. Large storage areas are not needed and items that are not ordered are not made. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Just in case. || <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">A situation where a company keeps a small stock of components (or complete items) or ones that take a long time to make, just in case of a rush order. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Mass customization. || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">A sophisticated CIM system that manufactures products to individual customer orders. The benefits of economy of sale are gained whether the order is for a single item or for thousands. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Fixed costs. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Variable costs. || <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Costs that vary with output (e.g: Fuel or raw materials). ||